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Filing A Complaint: When And How To Act

  • By: Matthew Romanik, Esq.
Complaint filing process in law: document preparation and action planning

What Behavior Warrants A Workplace Discrimination Complaint?

In my view, any discrimination is too much discrimination. That said, it’s understandable if you’re hesitant to report every incident, especially in real time or through formal channels. Workplace dynamics can be complex, and not every action rises to the level of a formal complaint.

Judges also have discretion in how they interpret cases. Despite what the law might suggest, a judge may dismiss certain incidents as isolated remarks or minor infractions rather than evidence of ongoing discriminatory intent. This makes context and judgment critical.

The work environment plays a role as well. For instance, while I don’t condone unprofessional conduct in any workplace, a jury might be more inclined to expect gruff behavior in a construction setting compared to a high-end surgical facility. These societal norms can influence what might seem actionable and may factor into your decision to report.

Ultimately, if you feel truly offended by something tied to a protected category you belong to, it’s likely discriminatory—and, at the very least, worth documenting. Trusting your instincts is often the best standard to follow. If your gut tells you an incident crosses the line, based on your familiarity with your work environment and interactions with colleagues, you should seriously consider reporting it.

While not every workplace transgression is actionable, keeping a record of incidents is crucial, especially if they escalate or continue over time. If you’re unsure about the seriousness of a situation, an attorney can help you assess its gravity and decide on the best course of action.

If you choose to move forward, the first step is usually discussing the problem with your company’s Human Resources (HR) department or manager—if your workplace has one.

Why You Should Discuss Your Concerns With HR Before Filing An Official Complaint

If you’re facing a problem or incident at work, it’s often a good idea to bring your concerns to Human Resources (HR) before taking further action. HR departments are specifically designed to address workplace issues, and in many cases, problems can be resolved candidly and efficiently within the organization.

As an attorney, my job is to help people navigate claims and, when necessary, pursue litigation. That said, I always recommend starting with internal redress, particularly if your company has formal procedures or policies in place for handling workplace discrimination. Using these channels is not just practical—it’s often essential for protecting your rights.

Failing to report incidents through the appropriate internal processes can make it harder to achieve justice or compensation later. Employers may be able to use what’s known as the Faragher-Ellerth Defense to argue that you cannot bypass HR and take your claim to court without first giving the company an opportunity to address the issue.

To avoid this, make sure to report incidents and concerns following the procedures outlined in your employee handbook or other company policies. Properly documenting your complaints and following the correct channels not only strengthens your case but also ensures you’ve taken the necessary steps to seek resolution before escalating the matter.

The Key Elements Of An Effective Workplace Discrimination Complaint

The key elements of an effective workplace discrimination complaint are clarity, detail, timing, and, ideally, corroborating evidence. Whether it’s a paper trail or a coworker who can confirm the conduct, the more evidence you have, the stronger your complaint will be.

The most important factor is clear, timely, and thorough reporting. This enables your employer to investigate and, if necessary, take steps to address the issue.

What To Do If Your Workplace Dismisses Your Complaint

If your workplace dismisses your complaint or fails to take it seriously, it’s a good time to consult with a lawyer. An attorney can help you explore other external channels that might address the issue.

For example, in Florida, both state and federal agencies can investigate class-based discrimination claims:

  • At the federal level, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) handles such claims.
  • At the state level, the Florida Commission on Human Relations does the same.

Depending on the nature of your complaint, other agencies may also be relevant. For instance, the Department of Labor can assist with issues related to the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) or the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA).

These external channels can be highly effective, but only if they have jurisdiction over your specific situation. That’s why consulting with a lawyer is critical if your workplace isn’t taking your complaint seriously. Together, we can identify the most appropriate avenues to pursue and ensure all necessary steps are taken before seeking resolution through the courts.

A lawyer can guide you through this process, helping you engage with external entities effectively and thoroughly to protect your rights.

How To File A Discrimination Complaint With The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) In Florida

I’ve seen too many employees run into trouble by not correctly following the procedures for filing a discrimination complaint. It’s essential to understand the steps involved to avoid unnecessary delays or complications.

In Florida, the process typically begins with an intake questionnaire. This questionnaire is submitted for review and is intended to help the EEOC gather initial information about your claim. While it’s an important step, it is not the entirety of the process.

The most critical step is completing EEOC Form 5. This form is specifically designed to:

  • Identify the individuals and entities involved in the claim.
  • Collect your contact information.
  • Provide a clear description of the alleged discrimination.

Filing EEOC Form 5 officially begins your complaint. Because of this, it is crucial to ensure that this form is completed and acknowledged as received by the EEOC. From there, the EEOC will investigate and make one of the following determinations:

  1. No cause to find discrimination.
  2. Insufficient information to make a determination.
  3. A finding that discrimination has occurred.

The third outcome is, of course, the ideal result. However, reaching that point requires careful adherence to the process, starting with the correct filing of Form 5.

I always stress to employees: do not mistake the intake questionnaire for the entirety of what you need to do. While the intake is an important first step, completing and submitting Form 5 is the most critical part of filing a successful complaint.

Once you’ve submitted your EEOC intake questionnaire and Form 5, the process typically unfolds as follows:

  1. Employer Notification And Response
    The EEOC forwards your complaint to your employer, who is given an opportunity to respond with a position statement. In this rebuttal, the employer explains their version of events and provides what they claim are legitimate, non-discriminatory reasons for their actions.
  2. Your Opportunity To Respond
    After reviewing the employer’s position statement, you can submit your own response. This is your chance to clarify, elaborate, or dispute their claims.
  3. Conciliation Efforts
    In most cases, the EEOC offers both parties the opportunity to engage in conciliation through mediation. A government-provided mediator facilitates these discussions, aiming to resolve the issue without litigation.
  4. EEOC Determination
    If conciliation fails, the EEOC will review the evidence and issue one of two determinations:
  • No Cause: The EEOC finds insufficient evidence to support your claim.
  • Cause: The EEOC determines there is reasonable cause to believe your employer engaged in discriminatory practices.

A cause determination significantly strengthens your case and often leads to smoother negotiations or resolution. However, if no cause is found, you may still have the option to pursue your claim independently in court.

Still Have Questions? Ready To Get Started?

For more information on Filing A Workplace Discrimination Complaint In Volusia County, FL, a free initial consultation is your next best step. Get the information and legal answers you are seeking by calling (386) 388-6260 today.

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